Extraction capabilities for the seven heavy metals Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb were studied in pure water at pH 8.0. The aims were to improve stability during extraction while still achieving high selectivity toward heavy metal ions, as well as to study the impact of different alkyl chains and the central atom of the cation on physico-chemical properties, extraction efficacy, and leaching. The present study synthesizes three novel ammonium and phosphonium ILs based on 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid-trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-(), methyltrioctylphosphonium-(), and methyltrioctylammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate ()-by a deprotonation-metathesis route. Partial solution during extraction, so-called leaching, however, limits their applicability. Ionic liquids (ILs) are per definition salts with melting points below 100☌ and might be green alternatives for the extraction of heavy metals from aqueous solutions due to their favorable environmental and physico-chemical properties. 3Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.2Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain. ![]() 1Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.Keppler 1, Carlos Moreno 2 and Franz Jirsa 1,3 * López-López 2, Wolfgang Kandioller 1, Bernhard K.
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